RPM

RPM是 RedHat 公司开发的软件包工具，本文重点介绍RPM包的使用和管理方法。

• Install a package, verbose mode, print progress hash

rpm -ivh packagename-1.0.0-kll.i386.rpm

• Upgrade a package. Install package if not already installed.

rpm -Uvh packagename-1.0.0-kll.i386.rpm

• Upgrade a package if it is already installed. Does nothing if package is not installed.

rpm -Fvh packagename-1.0.0-kll.i386.rpm

• Re-Install an existing package (useful for corrupted packages)

rpm --replacepkgs -ivh packagename-1.0.0-kll.i386.rpm 

• Resolve dependence aided option

rpm -ivh --aid packagename-1.0.0-kll.i386.rpm

Need install package rpmdb-redhat, xsane and sane-backends to use this option.

• 重新指定软件包的默认安装位置。假设软件包的默认安装目录是/usr，将默认目录改为/opt/usr，如下所示：

rpm -ivh --prefix=/opt/usr xxx.rpm

有些软件包还会在/etc目录写文件，也可以将文件改到/usr/etc目录，如下所示：

rpm xxx.rpm --relocate=/usr=/opt/usr --relocate=/etc=/usr/etc

rpm -e packagename
rpm -e packagename-version

• Query if a package is installed

rpm -q packagename

• Print information about an installed package

rpm -qi packagename

• Print information about an rpm package file.

rpm -qip packagename-1.0.0-kll.i386.rpm

• Print name of package that owns a file

rpm -qf /path/to/file

• Print list of files belonging to a package

rpm -ql packagename

• Print list of files about an rpm package file.

rpm -qlp packagename-1.0.0-i386.rpm

• Print names of all installed packages

rpm -qa

• Print name and size of all installed packages

rpm -qa --queryformat "%-20{name} \t %20{size}\n"

• Print name and summary for the package called bash.

rpm -q --queryformat "%{name} \t %{summary}\n" bash

• Read the manpages for the full listing.

rpm -V packagename

Report if package contents, time stamps, checksums have changed. Important flags include:

S File Size
M Permissions/Filetype
5 MD5 Sum
U Ownership
T Time stamp

• verify all packages:

rpm -Va

• 查询软件包依赖的其他软件包或库文件。

rpm -qR packagename

• 查询软件包提供那些动态库文件。

rpm -q --provides packagename。

Rebuild the RPM database

rpm --rebuilddb

• Rebuild a source RPM (RPM 4.0)

rpmbuild --rebuild packagename-1.0.0-kll.src.rpm

• Rebuild a source RPM (RPM 3.x)

rpm --rebuild packagename-1.0.0-kll.src.rpm

• Rebuild a package with Athlon optimizations

rpmbuild --rebuild --target=athlon packagename-1.0.0-kll.src.rpm

Target could i686 or ppc and etc.

• Install RPM sources into ${RPMDIR}

rpm -i packagename-1.0.0-kll.src.rpm

• Rebuild all packages, including source and binary RPMS, from a spec file

rpmbuild -ba packagename.spec

• Rebuild a binary RPM from a spec file

rpmbuild -bb packagename.spec

安装源软件包通常用于研究或修改，相关文件安装到/usr/src/redhat的子目录中。

rpm -Uvh packagename-1.0.0-1.src.rpm

直接用SPEC文件编译出新的源软件包。

rpmbuild -bs /usr/src/redhat/SPECS/packagename.spec

再次从源软件包中编译出RPM包。

rpmbuild --rebuild --target i686 /usr/src/redhat/SRPMS/packagename-1.0.0.src.rpm

修复DB目录：http://www.rpm.org/hintskinks/repairdb/

http://rpm.pbone.net/

http://www.rpmfind.net