IBM R40e 笔记本上安装Gentoo.2007 Linux系统。
因为Gentoo中配置xorg.conf比较复杂，最好将Fedora系统中的xorg.conf文件备份下来直接用。
系统安装参考文档：
Gentoo Linux x86 Quick Install Guide
Gentoo Installer CD 启动系统，然后查看硬件设备列表。
# lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: ATI Technologies Inc RS200/RS200M AGP Bridge [IGP 340M] (rev 02) 00:01.0 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc PCI Bridge [IGP 340M] 00:02.0 USB Controller: ALi Corporation USB 1.1 Controller (rev 03) 00:04.0 Multimedia audio controller: ALi Corporation M5451 PCI AC-Link Controller Audio Device (rev 02) 00:06.0 Bridge: ALi Corporation M7101 Power Management Controller [PMU] 00:07.0 ISA bridge: ALi Corporation M1533/M1535 PCI to ISA Bridge [Aladdin IV/V/V+] 00:0b.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme BCM5901 100Base-TX (rev 01) 00:0c.0 CardBus bridge: Texas Instruments PCI1510 PC card Cardbus Controller 00:0f.0 IDE interface: ALi Corporation M5229 IDE (rev c4) 01:05.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc Radeon IGP 330M/340M/350M
只安装KDE，使用USE参数如下：
# These settings were set by the catalyst build script that automatically
# built this stage.
# Please consult /etc/make.conf.example for a more detailed example.
CFLAGS="-O2 -mtune=i686 -pipe"
CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
FEATURES="i686-pc-linux-gnu parallel-fetch ccache distcc"
# This should not be changed unless you know exactly what you are doing. You
# should probably be using a different stage, instead.
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"
GENTOO_MIRRORS="ftp://gentoo.anheng.com.cn/gentoo/"
MAKEOPTS="-j4"
http_proxy="http://10.62.120.200:4128"
ftp_proxy="http://10.62.120.200:4128"
#Gnome
USE="gtk alsa -oss -arts crypt truetype freetype"
#KDE
USE="$USE qt4 kde qt3 immqt-bc"
#Programe
USE="$USE java python gcj xml postgres -mysql X509"
#video
USE="$USE X opengl fbcon dga directfb dri aiglx"
#SYS
USE="$USE cups sysfs hal dbus nptl nptlonly pnp threads pthreads bash-completion fuse lm_sensors"
#INERNATIONALIZATION
USE="$USE nls unicode cjk zh_TW utf8"
#Net
USE="$USE imap ldap net network nntp dhcp socks5 samba ssl stroke -ipv6"
#Php
USE="$USE apache2 bzip2 iconv"
#Media
USE="$USE win32codecs xvid real dvd aac flac ffmpeg imagemagick x264 mp4"
#CPU
USE="$USE fpu vme de pse tsc msr mce cx8 sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse \
sse2 tm pbe up est tm2"
#Other
USE="$USE -cdr -dvdr"
VIDEO_CARDS="fglrx"
INPUT_DEVICES="keyboard mouse"
ALSA_TOOLS="intel8x0"
内核中必须包括以下选项：
一、主板芯片
Device Drivers --->
<*> ATA/ATAPI/MFM/RLL support --->
<*> ALI M15x3 chipset support
二、温度检测
Device Drivers ---> <*> Hardware Monitoring support --->
三、网卡
[*] Network device support --->
[*] Netdevice multiple hardware queue support
[*] Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit) --->
[*] EISA, VLB, PCI and on board controllers
<*> Broadcom 4400 ethernet support
<*> Intel(R) PRO/100+ support
[*] Ethernet (1000 Mbit) --->
四、声卡
将声卡直接添加到内核时，ALSA工具无法正常运行，编译成模块后问题解决。
Device Drivers --->
<M> Sound card support
<M> Advanced Linux Sound Architecture
PCI devices --->
<M> ALi M5451 PCI Audio Controller
<M> Intel/SiS/nVidia/AMD/ALi AC97 Controller
<M> Intel/SiS/nVidia/AMD MC97 Modem
三、文件系统
File Systems -->
DOS/FAT/NT Filesystems --->
<*> NTFS file system support
[ ] NTFS debugging support (NEW)
[*] NTFS write support
Network File Systems --->
<*> CIFS support (advanced network filesystem for Samba, Window and other CIFS
Native Language Support -->
(utf8) Default NLS Option
<*> NLS UTF8
四、Frame Buffer
Device Drivers >
Graphics support: >
<*> Support for frame buffer devices
[ ] Enable Tile Blitting Support
<*> VESA VGA graphics support
VESA driver type (vesafb-tng) --->
(HRESxVRES@FREQ) VESA default mode
< > nVidia Framebuffer Support
< > nVidia Riva support
< > Matrox acceleration
Console display driver support --->
[*] Video mode selection support
<*> Framebuffer Console support
[*] Support for the Framebuffer Console Decorations
ALSA可以自动检测声卡类型，并安装相应驱动程序。
emerge alsa-utils rc-update add alsasound boot alsa-config
Gentoo用emerge工具来关系包。安装eix可以缓存
Emerge修改USE标签后，查看那些包需要重新编译
emerge -uDN world -pv --newuse (-N) --update (-u) --deep (-D)
指定包的版本号时，要加上等号（=）。
emerge =x11-libs/qt-3.3.4-r8 -pv
/etc/profile.env 这里也有环境变量
添加别名
echo "alias ll='ls -l'" >> /etc/bash/bashrc
安装并启动dbus和hald这两个包
emerge dbus hal rc-update add dbus default rc-update add hald default
然后将用户添加到plugdev组中
gpasswd -a pcnsh074 plugdev
指定GRUB启动画面的背景图片，然后设置Frame Buffer分辨率为1024×768。编辑grub.conf如下：
splashimage=(hd0,5)/grub/splash.xpm.gz kernel /boot/kernel-2.6.23-r8 root=/dev/hda7 vga=792
使用KDE作为桌面，参考以下文档：
The X Server Configuration HOWTO
Emerge安装kde-meta, xdm和kdm包，编辑/etc/conf.d/xdm文件，修改：
DISPLAYMANAGER="kdm"
然后将xdm设置为默认
rc-update add xdm default
通过X11服务器，可以将远程主机的X程序DISPLAY到本机。为了安全，默认设置不允许X服务器监听网络。
对于KDE，编辑/usr/kde/3.5/share/config/kdm/kdmrc
对于Gnome，运行gdmsetup命令，打开Security属性页，去掉”Deny TCP connections to Xserver”复选框，重新启动gdm后生效。
也可以直接编辑配置文件/etc/X11/gdm/custom.conf，在[security]段中添加：
DisallowTCP=false
sshd X11Forwarding yes
PCI工具（lspci）： pciutils
PDF工具：acroread, acroread-asianfonts
dig等工具：bind-tools
Stardict
app-dicts/stardict-cdict-en-zh-gb ~* >> /etc/portage/package.keywords emerge stardict emerge stardict-cdict-en-zh-gb
Vim设置为默认编辑器
echo EDITOR=/usr/bin/vim >> /etc/env.d/99local env-update
启用PHP支持 APACHE2_OPTS=”-D DEFAULT_VHOST -D INFO -D LANGUAGE -D SSL -D SSL_DEFAULT_VHOST -D PHP5 -D PHP4”
UTF-8
dos charset = 1255 display charset = utf-8 unix charset = utf-8
安装nfs-utils包并启动portmap服务。
emerge nfs-utils rc-update add portmap default /etc/init.d/portmap start
自动挂载目录
emerge autofs rc-update add autofs default /etc/init.d/autofs start
安装参考文档：http://gentoo-wiki.com/HOWTO:_VirtualBox
在Virtual Box中添加vbox0接口
VBoxAddIF vbox0 pcnsh074
如果报-3100 (VERR_HOSTIF_INIT_FAILED)错误，可能是用户没有权限访问接口，更改vbox0权限后再试试。
tunctl -t vbox0 -u pcnsh074
还有可能是tun设备没有权限访问，检查/dev/net/tun设备权限是否是0666，如果不是，在/etc/udev/rules.d/10-local.rules文件中修改创建设备时的默认权限。
KERNEL=="tun", NAME="net/%k", GROUP="tuntap", MODE="0660", OPTIONS+="ignore_remove"
每次内核更新后，必须重新安装virtualbox-modules包：
emerge -av virtualbox-modules
检查被破坏的二进制
revdep-rebuild
将整个系统按照当前的USE重新编译。
emerge -e world
Perl和Python升级后执行
perl-cleaner all python-updater
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